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Generally, cocoplum is found growing close to sea beaches as well as inland all over places having tropical climatic conditions in the Americas, Africa, the Caribbean as well as the southern regions of Florida, in addition to the Bahamas. Moreover, this species is also found as an alien plant on various other tropical islands, where cocoplum has eventually turned out to be a problematical invasive plant. Despite the fact that taxonomists differ on whether cocoplum has various subspecies and varieties, generally it has been recognized that cocoplum has two ecotypes - one variety being a coastal type called C. icaco var. icaco and the second one is an inland variety called C. icaco var. pellocarpus, which is less tolerant to salt. However, the ripened fruits and the seed contained inside their ribbed shell are fairly edible.
This species is basically a shrub growing up to a height of 2 meter to 3 meters or a bushy tree that reaches a height of anything between 2 meters and 6 meters, on rare occasions even up to 10 meters. This evergreen plant produces broad-oval to almost round-shaped leaves that are leathery to some extent and measure between 3 cm to 10 cm in length and 2.5 cm to 7 cm in width. The color of these leaves vary from green to pale red. Even the color of the cocoplum bark of the shrub/ small tree varies from greyish to reddish brown, having white flecks.
Cocoplum bears small, white flowers that appear in clusters towards the end of spring. The fruits of this plant also appear in clusters during the latter part of summer. The fruits borne by the coastal variety of this species are round and measure up to 5 cm across. Some fruits of this variety may also come in light yellow hue having rose blush or even dark purple. On the other hand, the fruits of the inland variety are oval shaped, have a deep purple hue and measure about 2.5 cm in length.
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